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Usages of “Spirit” in the New Testament (Endnotes)

1. The numbers in each column do not come to the same total for several reasons. Sometimes the Greek text from which one version was translated does not agree with the Greek text another version was based on. For example, the Greek text of Philippians 4:23 from which the KJV was translated from does not have pneuma, while the Greek text the NIV was translated from does. The Stephanus Greek text of 1550, which is close to what the KJV was translated from, has pneuma 385 times. However, the modern Greek text, which is closer to what the NIV and NRSV were translated from, has pneuma 379 times. However, sometimes the translators simply ignored the word pneuma and did not translate it (cp. Acts 19:21-NIV). Also, the translators sometimes added “spirit” when pneuma was not in the Greek text at all (1 Pet. 4:14-NRSV; 1 Cor. 2:14, first occurrence, NIV). Close

2. Bullinger, op. cit., Word Studies on the Holy Spirit, pp. 11 and 12 (his outline style has been reworked for clarity). Close

3. Most of the time psuche is used, it refers to the person, the individual, not just the life force of the body. Close